Yes. Even if an Action Card is unpublished from a page, conversions will still get attributed to it based on visitor journeys that convert after CTA click.
For example, in this visitor journey for Visitor 1: CTA Card Click -> CTA card is unpublished -> Page1 -> Page 2 -> Conversion X
Conversion X would still get attributed to the CTA Card.
If a CTA card is deleted, then it's no longer accessible in Knotch One, therefore is no longer available for attribution.